Modern Perspectives. Psychology

- Modern Freudians changed the emphasis to a kind of neo-Freudianism

- Skinner's operant conditioning of voluntary behavior became a major force in the 20th century; he introduced the concept of Reinforcement to behaviorism.

• Humanism

• Focuses on free will and the human potential for growth
• Maslow and Rogers

- A reaction to the deterministic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis

• Cognitive Psychology

- The study of learning, memory, language, and problem solving

- Includes the field of cognitive neuroscience

• Biopsychology

- emerged as the study of the biological bases of behavior such as:

- hormones, heredity, chemicals in the nervous system, structural defects in the brain, and the effects of physical diseases.

• Evolutionary Perspective

- To look at the way the mind works and why it works as it does

- Behavior is seen as having an adaptive or survival value