What is the difference between trans- and cis-acting elements? How can stress affect a cis- acting element?. Earth & Marine Sciences

Unlike cis-acting elements, trans-acting elements are not located near the gene being affected, but rather at another location in the genome. Cis-elements can be found directly upstream or downstream of the gene or in an intron inside the gene. A hormone produced by the body in reaction to environmental stress can bind to a cis-regulatory region and alter the expression of the gene.